3 thoughts on “How to recognize Gold and Silver Settlement?”
Ronnie
In order to improve consumer awareness of self -protection, the Provincial Bureau of Industry and Commerce issued consumer tips yesterday to teach consumers to identify the five major tricks of gold and silver jewelry. . How to identify gold jewelry and brass jewelry. Compared with brass, gold has a strong sense of heavyness. It is oppressed in the palm of the palm, because the proportion of gold is 19.32g / cm3, and the proportion of brass is only 8.9g / cm3. The yellowish the color of the gold, the better the color, and if it is red, the copper impurities are high; if it is white, the silver impurities are high, and the golden color of its gold is low. . How to identify K gold jewelry and foot gold jewelry. Differential K gold and foot gold are mainly hardened and elastic. The hardness of K gold is harder than the foot gold, the more pure the foot gold, the soft, and the teeth can bite the traces, while the K gold does not work. The K gold ring falls on the ground and has a strong rebellion, and the foot gold ring falls on the ground without this effect. . How to identify gold -plated jewelry and real gold jewelry. The jewelry made of brass materials, plated a thin layer of gold on the surface, is very low in value because its material is hard and difficult to impersonate gold, but some people sell it as 18K gold. Also under "18kgp". The color of this gold -plated jewelry is different from the color of the real gold, which is obviously reddish, lacks golden colors, and the appearance can be different. . How to identify nickel jewelry and platinum jewelry. Metal nickel is a material for making one yuan coin. It is white, does not oxidize, and looks like the color of platinum material, but the proportion of the two is different. CM3 is significantly different. . How to identify silver jewelry and platinum jewelry. Although the color of silver and platinum is similar, it is also easy to identify. The proportion of silver is 10.5g / cm3, only 1/2 of platinum. In addition, the sterling silver is soft and easy to oxidize. It will turn black after a period of time in the air, while the platinum is different, which is harder and does not oxidize. The provincial industry and commerce bureau also reminded consumers that buying any jewelry should obtain invoices from the merchant. The content of the invoice should be more detailed and consistent with the jewelry you purchased. If you buy jewelry inlaid or diamonds, you should also obtain an appraisal certificate from the merchant.
1. The King of Bai Gold -Gold The golden man has a rare metal, which occupies a special status in the minds of Orientals. Gold jewelry is charming and has excellent wearing effect. The various jewelry made by K gold inlaid jewelery not only wear colorful people, but also a very general value preservation product.
It gold is one of the first few metals discovered and used by humans. Gold is the "cornerstone" of the national treasury. Gold jewelry is also a fixed love between men and women. With the development of society and the progress of human beings, gold jewelry is even more favored by ladies. Gold is a yellow and soft metal. Although the proportion is large, the hardness is not large, but the melting point is as high as 1065 ° C. Gold's ductility and forgedness are the highest, which can be pressed into a thin gold leaf, or it can be pulled into a fine gold silk. 1 gram of pure gold can be pulled (diameter) 0.00434mm, and 3.5km (kilometers) in length, and the conductivity of gold is second only to 74 % of silver, copper, and silver. gold is widely used, and it is known as "the king of hundreds". Mainly used for currency and decorations. It is also used in industries such as ceramics, teeth, golden strokes. With the development of science and technology, especially the application of cutting -edge technology, gold and its alloys have special uses in electronics, electrical, astronal and national defense -cut industries. However, gold is currently used as the basis of international trade settlement and currency credit. The chemical properties of gold are very stable. From room temperature to high temperature, it is generally not oxidized, and it is also insoluble in general acid and alkali, but Wang Shui is its "nemesis". Gold is also easily soluble in alkaline cyanide solution and slightly soluble in alkaline sulfide solution. At 225 ° C, it is dissolved in selenic acid. It is also easy to dissolve in the bromine solution and boiling iron chloride solution. In addition, the sulfide of the alkaline metal is corroded to generate soluble vulcanized gold. gold is mainly distributed in South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil and other places. In view of the gorgeous colors, dazzling and bright nature, and excellent physical and chemical properties, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign use it with precious decorations. According to statistics, about 60 % -70 % of the consumption of world gold are used to make various decoration industrial products. Such as: gold ring, gold necklace, gold bracelets, gold earrings, gold -border glasses, gold watches, etc. Since my country's reform and opening up, with the continuous improvement of the people's material living standards, the domestic market of gold jewelry is in the ascendant.
2. The K number of gold jewelry The gold to make jewelry is not pure gold, because the pure gold is too soft to go through wear. Therefore, since ancient times, most of the pure gold is mixed with other metals and used to make gold jewelry, called "decorative gold". The pure gold content unit in the jewelry is called "gold". The English is called "Carat", which is generally called "Kai". Pure gold is 24K. 1K means that the amount of pure gold contained in the gold jewelry accounts for one -twenty -four -in -one. 14K means 58 % of pure gold. In the UK, the gold jewelry is 10K, 14K and 18K, and only a few are 22K. In Europe, gold jewelry is generally 14K, 18K and 22K. In France and Sweden, the minimum standard is 18K, and Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Norway, and Denmark stipulate that gold jewelry must not be less than 14K. West Germany and Italy were less than 8K. Gold jewelry has various K numbers and various colors. Mixing gold with copper, silver, nickel and 钯 of different grades is green. 3. Calculation of gold content The "K" in gold -made works represents its gold -containing rate. The gold -containing rate of gold products = x ÷ 24, x is the number in front of "K", 24K is sufficient gold. For example, the gold content of 22K gold = 22 ÷ 24 = 91.7 %. If to calculate the gold content of gold products, it can also be calculated: the gold content of gold products = x ÷ 24 × g, G means the weight of the gold product. Such as 4 grams of 18K gold content = 18 ÷ 24 × 4 grams = 3 grams (g). 4. Types of gold and silver jewelry Pure gold jewelry: Generally engraved on a certain part of pure gold jewelry, with the words of foot gold, foot red, red gold, etc. These are the marks of pure gold. Generally speaking, gold has no redness, and the purity of gold can be called pure gold jewelry in more than 99.6 %. k gold jewelry: K numbers are the marking of pure gold contained in the gold jewelry. Pure gold can also be called 24K, and the pure gold per K is 4.15 %. 22K jewelry contains 91.8 %; 20K is 84 %, and 18K is 75 %. gold jewelry: generally use K gold or platinum or silver inlaid jewelry. Platinum jewelry: Platinum jewelry is higher than gold. The platinum is marked with PT. Pure platinum is also a very soft metal. silver jewelry: 925 silver on the silver jewelry. Both silver and platinum are white, but the platinum is gray and white, and the proportion is higher than the silver.
5. How to identify gold jewelry marks people often see English letters marked on the jewelry when buying jewelry, such as 18K, 18KF, 18KP. K represents real gold jewelry; f is the abbreviation of English Filling, KF means imitation gold; P is the abbreviation of English plating, KP represents gold plating. Knowing these labels and knowing its meaning, it will be beneficial to you when you buy jewelry, you will not mistake the gold -plated imitation gold jewelry as a K gold jewelry.
6. Golden authenticity is good to identify the eight methods This True and Puppet. In addition, there are four types: there are four types of throwing method, burning test method, reagent method, and viewing the printing marker method. The following introduces the following: 1) Different color: The saying that gold is "Qiqing, Eight Huang, Nine Purple, Ten Red", which presents different colors because it contains different types of impurities and ingredients. The experts believe that the jewelry of 70 % of the gold is yellow, 80 % of the gold, and the golden gold, and the gold is 90 % of the yellow medium purple, and the gold is 10 % red. The pure gold is soft, and it is generally not used to make embedded jewelry. Therefore, all inlaid gold jewelry claims to be 24K and there must be fraud. 2) The pivotal weight The proportion of gold is 19.3g/cm3. The color and proportion have a large relationship. When the proportion is close to 19.3, the higher the pure gold. At 18.5, the gold contains 95 %, and the gold contains 90 % at 17.8. As long as the proportion is measured, the color of the jewelry can be seen, but it can generally be in the hands. If there is a slightly heavy feeling, it can be perceived, because other metals with the same weight, such as silver, copper, tin, lead, etc. the same. Compared with other metals with the same size, silver accounts for 45 % of the gold weight, copper accounts for 46 %, tin accounts for 38 %, and lead accounts for 59 %. It can be seen that the gold body is small and heavy. You should be vigilant for the stupid and light jewelry, and carefully discern whether for fakes or semi -fakes. The noteworthy is that many of the golden jewelry sold in the current market are Asian gold products. The so -called Asian gold is actually a little bit of gold. It is a alloy material made of metal such as copper, aluminum, nickel, and has the characteristics of high hardness, abrasion -resistant and color -resistant color. 3) See the rhyme The high -colored jewelry, thrown on the cement floor, there will be dull tabs, sound without rhyme, no strength, commonly known as dead sound. On the contrary, the low -collision gold jewelry is thrown on the cement floor with rhymes and sharp sounds, and a slight jump. 4) Try soft and hard The higher the color of the gold jewelry, the softer, and the more elasticity. The real gold bite or the needle will have light marks. High temperature) will not change color afterwards. Low -colored and fake are the opposite.
5) The throwing method The golden gold is thrown on the desktop and the ground. 6) Fire Burning Test Method "Real Gold is not afraid of fire refining", that is, it does not fade and insoluble at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. At 1063 ° C, it starts to dissolve but does not change color. Put the gold jewelry on the furnace surface or the tiles to bake until red. After cooling, the surface color remains unchanged. 7) Reaging method is to test with 45 % nitric acid: gold has no change, silver becomes black, and copper is green foam. This is because the chemical properties of gold are stable and will not be oxidized in any state, and it is also very stable in water, air, hydrogen sulfide or salt, or alkaline environment. Gold is soluble in any kind of single acid, which is only dissolved in the king water (the volume of the volume of the hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is based on a mixture of 3 to 1). 8) View the printing mark The gold jewelry produced by regular production plants, all covered with gold content and production plant marks, such as 24K and 14K. If as a standard reporter, it is generally a fake.
7. How to test the gold jewelry people when people buy gold rings, gold necklaces, gold bracelets, gold earrings and other valuable jewelry, naturally have a wish Appraisal of jewelry. So, how do banks test gold jewelry? At present, most of the banks in my country mainly use two methods of computer inspection and chemical inspection. Computer gold test: first wash and dry the gold jewelry, and then call the net weight on the optoelectronic balance, and then the weight when it floats in the water. Enter these two data into the computer to show the weight and color of gold jewelry, and print out the word card through the disk. The whole process takes about five minutes, the accuracy rate is as high as 99.9 %, and it will not wear gold jewelry at all. However, this kind of computer has not yet been popularized, and the fee charged is high, so another test method is needed.
The chemical gold test method: Wipe the gold jewelry with cloth or paper and place it on the precision level scale, which is called the weight of the gold jewelry. Then use a few drops of nitric acid solution droplets with a strong stimulating odor and corrosive effect on the jewelry with a few drops of mighty or bamboo chopsticks. Including gold content. All the operation process is almost all thewareness and experience. The loss of gold jewelry is small, but the accuracy is slightly worse. Only professionals who have been trained and have rich practical experience can be competent. However, because of its simple and easy running, most county -level banks have adopted this method for inspection, and the fees charged are also low.
8. How to distinguish the color of gold in ancient times
The discrimination of real gold, fake gold and gold, the only identification method is to use the goldstone. Test goldstone is a kind of stone that tests real gold and fake gold and gold. In ancient times, due to the limited level of science and technology, it was impossible to adopt precision analysis methods to identify the color of gold. The golden yellow traces are identified. Geological is called a trace of this trace, which is the color of gold powder. Since it is "goldless", how do you recognize how much impurities it contains? According to the<< Tiangong Kaizi>> recorded in the Ming Dynasty Song Yingxing; , Delivery clearly. " That is to say, the strip marks carved on the golden stones are cyan, including 70 % of gold, 30 % of impurities; strip marks are yellow, 80 % of gold, and 20 % of impurities; strip marks are purple. Gold is 90 % and 10 % of impurities; those with redness are red, and gold is 10 %. This distinguish the color of gold.
The test gold stone is processed by a silicon gravel. The hardness of the goldstone should be large to resist; the color should be dark, easy to observe the marks; the surface should be smooth and flat to facilitate testing.
9. How much is the variety of platinum
The white gold used to make jewelry, one is pure platinum, and the other is K platinum. The pure platinum material is relatively soft. When making jewelry, it will be limited due to the strength of the material. To this end, adding an appropriate amount of precious metals such as tadpoles, crickets, and cobalt to increase the hardness and toughness of the material. This kind of material with different platinum content is called K platinum.
The calculation method of the white gold content is the same as the K gold calculation method. For pure platinum materials, most countries in the world stipulate that the gold content must be above 950 ‰. Platinum jewelry in the United States generally has Platinum or abbreviated form PLAT marks. This seal tells people: this product has met the requirements. Although it does not specifically indicate the amount of platinum, the US Platinum Printing Law stipulates that if the purity does not reach more than 950 ‰, the platinum (that is, PLAT) marks shall not be engraved. If you violate this provision, you must be punished. Developed European countries also stipulate that the gold content of pure platinum must be above 950 ‰. In addition to K platinum, there are four special platinum specifications, namely 1000 ‰ PT, 950 ‰ PT, 900 ‰ PT, and 850 ‰. A country stipulates so many signs, I am afraid that only Japan is in the world. Although Japan admits so many specifications, it attaches great importance to quality. The Japanese government uses official seal JIS or JA to formally guarantee the quality of white gold.
The strict regulations on white gold materials in my country. This regulation is formulated in accordance with the principle of international traffic and combined with the actual situation of our country. my country stipulates that platinum products must engrave the actual gold content, such as 99 % of the platinum volume, then engraved "99 platinum", and so on. 10. The true and false and color identification of platinum jewelry
1) See the color test according to the color level, generally divided into three colors, blue and white gray is high ; Blue and white yellow is the ingredients of gold or copper in platinum, which is more color; silver is a white gold containing more silver components, which is lower than the above two types. The fake person is black.
2) Fire Burning Test This Platinum is placed in ordinary furnace fire, and can only burn red and not melt. After burning, the color is more than 95 %, the color is shiny, and the brighter the more burned, and the color is slightly black with a color of about 70 %. The fake becomes dark and it is easy to melt.
3) Test weight and proportion test The proportion of platinum is the crown of metal 21.4, which is 10 % heavier than gold, and heavier than other metals. The light person is either fake or low. Further than the proportion test, the specific method is the same as the proportion test of the gold.
4) Listening rhyme test pure platinum, knocking after burning, making a sound of "Tobto", no rhyme, "Ding Ding Ding" is pointed Sound, sound and rhyme.
5) See the stubble test This cutting the jewelry halfway with the mule halfway, and then the cotton (sticky) stubble appears after bending. The higher the color, the softer the stubble mouth, the softener of the colors, and the shade of the color is sand -shaped, and it feels crispy when cutting.
6) Bending and seeing soft and hard Platinum and gold are well ductantly, which can be poured into a platinum foil with only 0.0025 mm thick. Together, there is only one page as thick. Therefore, bending hard and hard can also be used as a test method.
7) Trial of nitric acid plus salt Masted Platinum on the test gold stone, add a small amount of salt to the platinum road (cover half of the golden road), and then add nitric acid to the salt, add it to it to it to the salt, add it to it to the salt, add it to it to the salt, add it to it to the salt, add it to the salt, add to it to add it to the salt to add it to the salt. The degree of salt was threatened by 15 cents, and salt and nitric acid were rushed off with water. If it is Platinum, more than 95 % of them, the golden road remains unchanged, about 90 %, the golden road changes slightly, the micro -display is about 70 %, the golden road becomes black and gray, and it is corroded by a layer.
8) The sterilization of mercury The scientific name of mercury is mercury, commonly known as mercury. Using gold and silver to absorb mercury, platinum does not absorb the characteristics of mercury (under normal temperature), coated with mercury on the golden road. If it is not absorbed, it means that it is real platinum.
9) Point gas lamp test M platinum has the effect of matching, which can be used to test the authenticity of Platinum. The gas lamps are all under the match. If a real platinum is placed in the gas lamp product, after one or two points, the platinum is red and the gas lamp also lits. If the platinum is fake, it will not be red, and the lights will not be ordered.
This is because Platinum has the characteristics of accelerating many chemical reactions. It can be used to catalyze. Oxygen in coal and air is difficult to directly combine. , Release a lot of heat, make the platinum block red, and finally light the gas light.
10) The hydrogen peroxide test It as platinum is powder -like, put a little in hydrogen peroxide, it is real platinum, immediately the white waves roll, decompose a large amount of oxygen, but the platinum powder is a lot at all. If it is fake, you can't afford to change.
In specific identification Platinum, the above methods can be used in combination. After careful research, it is determined.
11. What is silver
is a metal that is second only to gold. The silver is moist and white, and people praise it "always shining with the moon." The exquisite color and the most ductantly make it the main material for making various silverware and jewelry. The melting point of the silver is 960.5 ° C. The proportion of silver is 10.5, which is more than platinum and gold, and higher than the base metal. Silver has good ductility and plasticity.
Around the sixteenth century, Mexico was the richest production silver country in the world. At present, a large number of silver mines have been mining in the United States, Canada and other countries, and South America, accounting for 70 % of the world's output. For a long time, people discovered silver, but because silver rarely produced itself, and special smelting technology was needed, so that the price of silver was more expensive than gold. In the Roman era, the nobles visited the silver as the treasure. The people of our country have also used silver chopsticks very early. It is said that it is not only to show the luxury and richness of the owner, but also test whether the meals are toxic. If there is toxic, the silver chopsticks will turn black, so silver chopsticks often become the joy of the princes and nobles. The use of silver to make jewelry is generally to reveal silver white, but not gold. There are also gold -plated silver jewelry, but it will give people a feeling of fake jewelry. Moreover, the gold -plated silver jewelry will wear out the color after a long time, and it looks ugly. So the silver color jewelry is loved by people. But after wearing silver jewelry for a long time, it will also cause dirty. Therefore, the silver jewelry is a low -end in the mid -range jewelry.
The silver jewelry is divided into high silver and low silver. Gaoyin refers to the large ingredients and soft texture; while low silver is more copper -containing elements, and the hardness is higher than that of sterling silver. 12. Silver jewelry true and false identification of six methods
1) The proportion of proportion silver proportion is 10.5 The gravity is only 2.7. 2) The sound judgment The silver is soft, the sound of the hard object is weak, and other metals make a crisp sound. 3) Color judgment It white in other metals is different from silver and white. After the fire is cooled, the difference is particularly obvious. After the fire is grilled, if it is really silver, the silver is unchanged; if it is fake silver, or if it becomes inferior, it will turn black after the barbecue. Another method is to use nitric acid to drop on the surface of the silver jewelry. After erasing nitric acid, the surface of the jewelry is still silver -white, which shows that the silver content is quite high. If the silver content is low, it will be gray and black. 4) Bending method This with both hands, high color, easy bending and not easy to break. Baoyin's passing or knocking with a hammer will be cracked a few times.
Pay content for time limit to check for freenAnswer, use physical knowledge, measure the density of gold and silver jewelry, and identify the authenticity of gold and silver jewelry. The method is as follows: 1. In the measuring cylinder with a density of the density into the jewelry to be accumulated with 200 ml of aqueous solution, the milliliter of the liquid level rises, that is, the volume of the jewelry is the volume of this jewelry. Here we assume that the size of the jewelry is V cubic centimeters. (Note 1 ml = 1 cubic centimeter) 2. The quality of jewelry that measures density with Tianping is weighed. Put the jewelry in the balance of the balance, place an appropriate amount of method code on the right disk, and adjust the whole code to balance the balance. The quality of the jewelry is the number of grams of the method of the method of the method. Here we may wish to assume that the quality of the jewelry is M gram
In order to improve consumer awareness of self -protection, the Provincial Bureau of Industry and Commerce issued consumer tips yesterday to teach consumers to identify the five major tricks of gold and silver jewelry.
. How to identify gold jewelry and brass jewelry. Compared with brass, gold has a strong sense of heavyness. It is oppressed in the palm of the palm, because the proportion of gold is 19.32g / cm3, and the proportion of brass is only 8.9g / cm3. The yellowish the color of the gold, the better the color, and if it is red, the copper impurities are high; if it is white, the silver impurities are high, and the golden color of its gold is low.
. How to identify K gold jewelry and foot gold jewelry. Differential K gold and foot gold are mainly hardened and elastic. The hardness of K gold is harder than the foot gold, the more pure the foot gold, the soft, and the teeth can bite the traces, while the K gold does not work. The K gold ring falls on the ground and has a strong rebellion, and the foot gold ring falls on the ground without this effect.
. How to identify gold -plated jewelry and real gold jewelry. The jewelry made of brass materials, plated a thin layer of gold on the surface, is very low in value because its material is hard and difficult to impersonate gold, but some people sell it as 18K gold. Also under "18kgp". The color of this gold -plated jewelry is different from the color of the real gold, which is obviously reddish, lacks golden colors, and the appearance can be different.
. How to identify nickel jewelry and platinum jewelry. Metal nickel is a material for making one yuan coin. It is white, does not oxidize, and looks like the color of platinum material, but the proportion of the two is different. CM3 is significantly different.
. How to identify silver jewelry and platinum jewelry. Although the color of silver and platinum is similar, it is also easy to identify. The proportion of silver is 10.5g / cm3, only 1/2 of platinum. In addition, the sterling silver is soft and easy to oxidize. It will turn black after a period of time in the air, while the platinum is different, which is harder and does not oxidize.
The provincial industry and commerce bureau also reminded consumers that buying any jewelry should obtain invoices from the merchant. The content of the invoice should be more detailed and consistent with the jewelry you purchased. If you buy jewelry inlaid or diamonds, you should also obtain an appraisal certificate from the merchant.
1. The King of Bai Gold -Gold
The golden man has a rare metal, which occupies a special status in the minds of Orientals. Gold jewelry is charming and has excellent wearing effect. The various jewelry made by K gold inlaid jewelery not only wear colorful people, but also a very general value preservation product.
It gold is one of the first few metals discovered and used by humans. Gold is the "cornerstone" of the national treasury. Gold jewelry is also a fixed love between men and women. With the development of society and the progress of human beings, gold jewelry is even more favored by ladies.
Gold is a yellow and soft metal. Although the proportion is large, the hardness is not large, but the melting point is as high as 1065 ° C. Gold's ductility and forgedness are the highest, which can be pressed into a thin gold leaf, or it can be pulled into a fine gold silk. 1 gram of pure gold can be pulled (diameter) 0.00434mm, and 3.5km (kilometers) in length, and the conductivity of gold is second only to 74 % of silver, copper, and silver.
gold is widely used, and it is known as "the king of hundreds". Mainly used for currency and decorations. It is also used in industries such as ceramics, teeth, golden strokes. With the development of science and technology, especially the application of cutting -edge technology, gold and its alloys have special uses in electronics, electrical, astronal and national defense -cut industries. However, gold is currently used as the basis of international trade settlement and currency credit.
The chemical properties of gold are very stable. From room temperature to high temperature, it is generally not oxidized, and it is also insoluble in general acid and alkali, but Wang Shui is its "nemesis". Gold is also easily soluble in alkaline cyanide solution and slightly soluble in alkaline sulfide solution. At 225 ° C, it is dissolved in selenic acid. It is also easy to dissolve in the bromine solution and boiling iron chloride solution. In addition, the sulfide of the alkaline metal is corroded to generate soluble vulcanized gold.
gold is mainly distributed in South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil and other places.
In view of the gorgeous colors, dazzling and bright nature, and excellent physical and chemical properties, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign use it with precious decorations. According to statistics, about 60 % -70 % of the consumption of world gold are used to make various decoration industrial products. Such as: gold ring, gold necklace, gold bracelets, gold earrings, gold -border glasses, gold watches, etc.
Since my country's reform and opening up, with the continuous improvement of the people's material living standards, the domestic market of gold jewelry is in the ascendant.
2. The K number of gold jewelry
The gold to make jewelry is not pure gold, because the pure gold is too soft to go through wear. Therefore, since ancient times, most of the pure gold is mixed with other metals and used to make gold jewelry, called "decorative gold". The pure gold content unit in the jewelry is called "gold". The English is called "Carat", which is generally called "Kai". Pure gold is 24K. 1K means that the amount of pure gold contained in the gold jewelry accounts for one -twenty -four -in -one. 14K means 58 % of pure gold. In the UK, the gold jewelry is 10K, 14K and 18K, and only a few are 22K. In Europe, gold jewelry is generally 14K, 18K and 22K. In France and Sweden, the minimum standard is 18K, and Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Norway, and Denmark stipulate that gold jewelry must not be less than 14K. West Germany and Italy were less than 8K. Gold jewelry has various K numbers and various colors. Mixing gold with copper, silver, nickel and 钯 of different grades is green.
3. Calculation of gold content
The "K" in gold -made works represents its gold -containing rate. The gold -containing rate of gold products = x ÷ 24, x is the number in front of "K", 24K is sufficient gold. For example, the gold content of 22K gold = 22 ÷ 24 = 91.7 %.
If to calculate the gold content of gold products, it can also be calculated: the gold content of gold products = x ÷ 24 × g, G means the weight of the gold product. Such as 4 grams of 18K gold content = 18 ÷ 24 × 4 grams = 3 grams (g).
4. Types of gold and silver jewelry
Pure gold jewelry: Generally engraved on a certain part of pure gold jewelry, with the words of foot gold, foot red, red gold, etc. These are the marks of pure gold. Generally speaking, gold has no redness, and the purity of gold can be called pure gold jewelry in more than 99.6 %.
k gold jewelry: K numbers are the marking of pure gold contained in the gold jewelry. Pure gold can also be called 24K, and the pure gold per K is 4.15 %. 22K jewelry contains 91.8 %; 20K is 84 %, and 18K is 75 %.
gold jewelry: generally use K gold or platinum or silver inlaid jewelry.
Platinum jewelry: Platinum jewelry is higher than gold. The platinum is marked with PT. Pure platinum is also a very soft metal.
silver jewelry: 925 silver on the silver jewelry. Both silver and platinum are white, but the platinum is gray and white, and the proportion is higher than the silver.
5. How to identify gold jewelry marks
people often see English letters marked on the jewelry when buying jewelry, such as 18K, 18KF, 18KP. K represents real gold jewelry; f is the abbreviation of English Filling, KF means imitation gold; P is the abbreviation of English plating, KP represents gold plating. Knowing these labels and knowing its meaning, it will be beneficial to you when you buy jewelry, you will not mistake the gold -plated imitation gold jewelry as a K gold jewelry.
6. Golden authenticity is good to identify the eight methods
This True and Puppet. In addition, there are four types: there are four types of throwing method, burning test method, reagent method, and viewing the printing marker method. The following introduces the following:
1) Different color:
The saying that gold is "Qiqing, Eight Huang, Nine Purple, Ten Red", which presents different colors because it contains different types of impurities and ingredients. The experts believe that the jewelry of 70 % of the gold is yellow, 80 % of the gold, and the golden gold, and the gold is 90 % of the yellow medium purple, and the gold is 10 % red. The pure gold is soft, and it is generally not used to make embedded jewelry. Therefore, all inlaid gold jewelry claims to be 24K and there must be fraud.
2) The pivotal weight
The proportion of gold is 19.3g/cm3. The color and proportion have a large relationship. When the proportion is close to 19.3, the higher the pure gold. At 18.5, the gold contains 95 %, and the gold contains 90 % at 17.8. As long as the proportion is measured, the color of the jewelry can be seen, but it can generally be in the hands. If there is a slightly heavy feeling, it can be perceived, because other metals with the same weight, such as silver, copper, tin, lead, etc. the same. Compared with other metals with the same size, silver accounts for 45 % of the gold weight, copper accounts for 46 %, tin accounts for 38 %, and lead accounts for 59 %. It can be seen that the gold body is small and heavy. You should be vigilant for the stupid and light jewelry, and carefully discern whether for fakes or semi -fakes.
The noteworthy is that many of the golden jewelry sold in the current market are Asian gold products. The so -called Asian gold is actually a little bit of gold. It is a alloy material made of metal such as copper, aluminum, nickel, and has the characteristics of high hardness, abrasion -resistant and color -resistant color.
3) See the rhyme
The high -colored jewelry, thrown on the cement floor, there will be dull tabs, sound without rhyme, no strength, commonly known as dead sound. On the contrary, the low -collision gold jewelry is thrown on the cement floor with rhymes and sharp sounds, and a slight jump.
4) Try soft and hard
The higher the color of the gold jewelry, the softer, and the more elasticity. The real gold bite or the needle will have light marks. High temperature) will not change color afterwards. Low -colored and fake are the opposite.
5) The throwing method
The golden gold is thrown on the desktop and the ground.
6) Fire Burning Test Method
"Real Gold is not afraid of fire refining", that is, it does not fade and insoluble at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. At 1063 ° C, it starts to dissolve but does not change color. Put the gold jewelry on the furnace surface or the tiles to bake until red. After cooling, the surface color remains unchanged.
7) Reaging method
is to test with 45 % nitric acid: gold has no change, silver becomes black, and copper is green foam. This is because the chemical properties of gold are stable and will not be oxidized in any state, and it is also very stable in water, air, hydrogen sulfide or salt, or alkaline environment. Gold is soluble in any kind of single acid, which is only dissolved in the king water (the volume of the volume of the hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is based on a mixture of 3 to 1).
8) View the printing mark
The gold jewelry produced by regular production plants, all covered with gold content and production plant marks, such as 24K and 14K.
If as a standard reporter, it is generally a fake.
7. How to test the gold jewelry
people when people buy gold rings, gold necklaces, gold bracelets, gold earrings and other valuable jewelry, naturally have a wish Appraisal of jewelry. So, how do banks test gold jewelry? At present, most of the banks in my country mainly use two methods of computer inspection and chemical inspection.
Computer gold test: first wash and dry the gold jewelry, and then call the net weight on the optoelectronic balance, and then the weight when it floats in the water. Enter these two data into the computer to show the weight and color of gold jewelry, and print out the word card through the disk. The whole process takes about five minutes, the accuracy rate is as high as 99.9 %, and it will not wear gold jewelry at all. However, this kind of computer has not yet been popularized, and the fee charged is high, so another test method is needed.
The chemical gold test method: Wipe the gold jewelry with cloth or paper and place it on the precision level scale, which is called the weight of the gold jewelry. Then use a few drops of nitric acid solution droplets with a strong stimulating odor and corrosive effect on the jewelry with a few drops of mighty or bamboo chopsticks. Including gold content. All the operation process is almost all thewareness and experience. The loss of gold jewelry is small, but the accuracy is slightly worse. Only professionals who have been trained and have rich practical experience can be competent. However, because of its simple and easy running, most county -level banks have adopted this method for inspection, and the fees charged are also low.
8. How to distinguish the color of gold in ancient times
The discrimination of real gold, fake gold and gold, the only identification method is to use the goldstone. Test goldstone is a kind of stone that tests real gold and fake gold and gold. In ancient times, due to the limited level of science and technology, it was impossible to adopt precision analysis methods to identify the color of gold. The golden yellow traces are identified. Geological is called a trace of this trace, which is the color of gold powder. Since it is "goldless", how do you recognize how much impurities it contains? According to the<< Tiangong Kaizi>> recorded in the Ming Dynasty Song Yingxing; , Delivery clearly. " That is to say, the strip marks carved on the golden stones are cyan, including 70 % of gold, 30 % of impurities; strip marks are yellow, 80 % of gold, and 20 % of impurities; strip marks are purple. Gold is 90 % and 10 % of impurities; those with redness are red, and gold is 10 %. This distinguish the color of gold.
The test gold stone is processed by a silicon gravel. The hardness of the goldstone should be large to resist; the color should be dark, easy to observe the marks; the surface should be smooth and flat to facilitate testing.
9. How much is the variety of platinum
The white gold used to make jewelry, one is pure platinum, and the other is K platinum. The pure platinum material is relatively soft. When making jewelry, it will be limited due to the strength of the material. To this end, adding an appropriate amount of precious metals such as tadpoles, crickets, and cobalt to increase the hardness and toughness of the material. This kind of material with different platinum content is called K platinum.
The calculation method of the white gold content is the same as the K gold calculation method. For pure platinum materials, most countries in the world stipulate that the gold content must be above 950 ‰. Platinum jewelry in the United States generally has Platinum or abbreviated form PLAT marks. This seal tells people: this product has met the requirements. Although it does not specifically indicate the amount of platinum, the US Platinum Printing Law stipulates that if the purity does not reach more than 950 ‰, the platinum (that is, PLAT) marks shall not be engraved. If you violate this provision, you must be punished. Developed European countries also stipulate that the gold content of pure platinum must be above 950 ‰. In addition to K platinum, there are four special platinum specifications, namely 1000 ‰ PT, 950 ‰ PT, 900 ‰ PT, and 850 ‰. A country stipulates so many signs, I am afraid that only Japan is in the world. Although Japan admits so many specifications, it attaches great importance to quality. The Japanese government uses official seal JIS or JA to formally guarantee the quality of white gold.
The strict regulations on white gold materials in my country. This regulation is formulated in accordance with the principle of international traffic and combined with the actual situation of our country. my country stipulates that platinum products must engrave the actual gold content, such as 99 % of the platinum volume, then engraved "99 platinum", and so on.
10. The true and false and color identification of platinum jewelry
1) See the color test
according to the color level, generally divided into three colors, blue and white gray is high ; Blue and white yellow is the ingredients of gold or copper in platinum, which is more color; silver is a white gold containing more silver components, which is lower than the above two types. The fake person is black.
2) Fire Burning Test
This Platinum is placed in ordinary furnace fire, and can only burn red and not melt. After burning, the color is more than 95 %, the color is shiny, and the brighter the more burned, and the color is slightly black with a color of about 70 %. The fake becomes dark and it is easy to melt.
3) Test weight and proportion test
The proportion of platinum is the crown of metal 21.4, which is 10 % heavier than gold, and heavier than other metals. The light person is either fake or low. Further than the proportion test, the specific method is the same as the proportion test of the gold.
4) Listening rhyme test
pure platinum, knocking after burning, making a sound of "Tobto", no rhyme, "Ding Ding Ding" is pointed Sound, sound and rhyme.
5) See the stubble test
This cutting the jewelry halfway with the mule halfway, and then the cotton (sticky) stubble appears after bending. The higher the color, the softer the stubble mouth, the softener of the colors, and the shade of the color is sand -shaped, and it feels crispy when cutting.
6) Bending and seeing soft and hard
Platinum and gold are well ductantly, which can be poured into a platinum foil with only 0.0025 mm thick. Together, there is only one page as thick. Therefore, bending hard and hard can also be used as a test method.
7) Trial of nitric acid plus salt
Masted Platinum on the test gold stone, add a small amount of salt to the platinum road (cover half of the golden road), and then add nitric acid to the salt, add it to it to it to the salt, add it to it to the salt, add it to it to the salt, add it to it to the salt, add it to the salt, add to it to add it to the salt to add it to the salt. The degree of salt was threatened by 15 cents, and salt and nitric acid were rushed off with water. If it is Platinum, more than 95 % of them, the golden road remains unchanged, about 90 %, the golden road changes slightly, the micro -display is about 70 %, the golden road becomes black and gray, and it is corroded by a layer.
8) The sterilization of mercury
The scientific name of mercury is mercury, commonly known as mercury. Using gold and silver to absorb mercury, platinum does not absorb the characteristics of mercury (under normal temperature), coated with mercury on the golden road. If it is not absorbed, it means that it is real platinum.
9) Point gas lamp test
M platinum has the effect of matching, which can be used to test the authenticity of Platinum. The gas lamps are all under the match. If a real platinum is placed in the gas lamp product, after one or two points, the platinum is red and the gas lamp also lits. If the platinum is fake, it will not be red, and the lights will not be ordered.
This is because Platinum has the characteristics of accelerating many chemical reactions. It can be used to catalyze. Oxygen in coal and air is difficult to directly combine. , Release a lot of heat, make the platinum block red, and finally light the gas light.
10) The hydrogen peroxide test
It as platinum is powder -like, put a little in hydrogen peroxide, it is real platinum, immediately the white waves roll, decompose a large amount of oxygen, but the platinum powder is a lot at all. If it is fake, you can't afford to change.
In specific identification Platinum, the above methods can be used in combination. After careful research, it is determined.
11. What is silver
is a metal that is second only to gold. The silver is moist and white, and people praise it "always shining with the moon." The exquisite color and the most ductantly make it the main material for making various silverware and jewelry. The melting point of the silver is 960.5 ° C. The proportion of silver is 10.5, which is more than platinum and gold, and higher than the base metal. Silver has good ductility and plasticity.
Around the sixteenth century, Mexico was the richest production silver country in the world. At present, a large number of silver mines have been mining in the United States, Canada and other countries, and South America, accounting for 70 % of the world's output. For a long time, people discovered silver, but because silver rarely produced itself, and special smelting technology was needed, so that the price of silver was more expensive than gold. In the Roman era, the nobles visited the silver as the treasure. The people of our country have also used silver chopsticks very early. It is said that it is not only to show the luxury and richness of the owner, but also test whether the meals are toxic. If there is toxic, the silver chopsticks will turn black, so silver chopsticks often become the joy of the princes and nobles. The use of silver to make jewelry is generally to reveal silver white, but not gold. There are also gold -plated silver jewelry, but it will give people a feeling of fake jewelry. Moreover, the gold -plated silver jewelry will wear out the color after a long time, and it looks ugly. So the silver color jewelry is loved by people. But after wearing silver jewelry for a long time, it will also cause dirty. Therefore, the silver jewelry is a low -end in the mid -range jewelry.
The silver jewelry is divided into high silver and low silver. Gaoyin refers to the large ingredients and soft texture; while low silver is more copper -containing elements, and the hardness is higher than that of sterling silver.
12. Silver jewelry true and false identification of six methods
1) The proportion of proportion
silver proportion is 10.5 The gravity is only 2.7.
2) The sound judgment
The silver is soft, the sound of the hard object is weak, and other metals make a crisp sound.
3) Color judgment
It white in other metals is different from silver and white. After the fire is cooled, the difference is particularly obvious. After the fire is grilled, if it is really silver, the silver is unchanged; if it is fake silver, or if it becomes inferior, it will turn black after the barbecue. Another method is to use nitric acid to drop on the surface of the silver jewelry. After erasing nitric acid, the surface of the jewelry is still silver -white, which shows that the silver content is quite high. If the silver content is low, it will be gray and black.
4) Bending method
This with both hands, high color, easy bending and not easy to break. Baoyin's passing or knocking with a hammer will be cracked a few times.
Pay content for time limit to check for freenAnswer, use physical knowledge, measure the density of gold and silver jewelry, and identify the authenticity of gold and silver jewelry. The method is as follows: 1. In the measuring cylinder with a density of the density into the jewelry to be accumulated with 200 ml of aqueous solution, the milliliter of the liquid level rises, that is, the volume of the jewelry is the volume of this jewelry. Here we assume that the size of the jewelry is V cubic centimeters. (Note 1 ml = 1 cubic centimeter) 2. The quality of jewelry that measures density with Tianping is weighed. Put the jewelry in the balance of the balance, place an appropriate amount of method code on the right disk, and adjust the whole code to balance the balance. The quality of the jewelry is the number of grams of the method of the method of the method. Here we may wish to assume that the quality of the jewelry is M gram